https://resources.ibo.org/dp/subject-group/Language-B-first-assessment-2020/resource/11162-46910/data/d_2_ablan_gui_1802_1_e.pdf |
Texts In theory, a text is anything from which information can be extracted, including the wide range of oral, written and visual materials present in society. For example:
• single and multiple images, with or without written text • non-literary and literary written texts and extracts • broadcast media texts: films, radio and television programmes, and their scripts • oral texts: presentations, debates, interviews, speeches, recorded conversations, and their transcripts • electronic texts that share aspects of the above areas: text messaging, web pages and blogs, social media and video-sharing websites. For the purposes of teaching and learning in a language acquisition course, the language B and language ab initio syllabuses organize written, visual, audio and audio-visual texts into three broad categories: personal, professional and mass media texts. The guiding principle for using texts in the DP language acquisition courses is to develop students’ receptive, productive and interactive skills in the target language by focusing their attention on the ways in which good communicators consider the audience, context and purpose of what they want to say or write in the process of choosing and developing an appropriate text type to convey a message. Teachers should provide frequent opportunities for students to understand and use a variety of text types in relation to the prescribed themes and related course content. The categories are described below, and the table that follows provides examples of text types for each category. The examples shown are neither prescriptive nor exhaustive. |
Personal texts
Personal texts are shared by the person creating the message and an audience who may be family members, friends or groups with a common interest; a personal text may also be directed to oneself. Personal texts tend to be characterized by attention to the everyday interests or the affective needs of individuals rather than the analysis of information. Personal texts have a variety of functions including, but not limited to, describing, narrating, entertaining, recommending and persuading. The level of formality in the register of these texts will vary according to the linguistic and sociocultural norms of the target language. |
Professional texts
Professional texts are created for an intended audience in contexts where no personal relationship is assumed between the producer of the text and the recipient(s); however, the producer of the text can assume that the recipient(s) will have an interest in receiving and understanding the message. Professional texts tend to be characterized by attention to the cognitive needs of individuals, the transfer of knowledge and the logical presentation of information; these texts employ clear, factual language and a formal register. Professional texts have a variety of functions including, but not limited to, informing, instructing, explaining, analysing, convincing, interpreting and evaluating. |
Mass media texts
Mass media texts are created for distribution to a large audience that is targeted because of an interest that, at least initially, lies primarily with the producer of the text, since the person or entity responsible for a mass media text has no way of knowing exactly who will take the time and interest to understand the message or who will ignore it. Mass media texts tend to be characterized by the need of the producer of the text to project authority, desirability or exclusivity, and the conscious choice of a particular medium or technology that is appropriate to reach the targeted audience. The level of formality in the register of these texts will vary according to the linguistic and sociocultural norms of the target language. |
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